Associated TeleVision
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Associated TeleVision
ATV
Based in
Elstree,
London,
BirminghamBroadcast area
London (weekends; 1955-1968)
Midlands (weekdays; 1956-1968)
Midlands (all week; 1968-1981)
Launched24 September 1955 in London
17 February 1956 in the Midlands
All week in the Midlands from 29 July 1968
Closed31 December 1981Replaced
ABC in the Midlands on weekends from 1968Replaced by
London Weekend Television in London on weekends from 1968
Central Independent Television in the Midlands from 1982
Owned byAssociated Communications Corporation
Associated TeleVision Limited, best known simply as
ATV, was a British
ITV company from 1955 until 1981.
The company was formed from the merger of the Associated Broadcasting Development Company (known as ABDC and under the control of
Norman Collins) and the Incorporated Television Programme Company (known as
ITC and under the control of
Prince Littler and
Lew Grade).
Both companies had applied for a contract to become one of the new ITV stations. ABDC won the contract but had insufficient money to operate it; ITC failed to win a contract, mainly due to the stranglehold this would give the Grades and Stoll-Moss theatres over talent in the UK. The merger provided the money required but put Littler and Grade in real control of the new company, effectively sidelining Collins.
The new company was originally known as the
Associated Broadcasting Company (and therefore
ABC), but
Associated British Corporation's parent company, who wished to call their station
ABC and also ran a large chain of cinemas under those initials, successfully sued for prior ownership. The name change took place after ABC had been operating for three weeks; the new name chosen was Associated TeleVision Ltd, producing the initials ATV. The company's logo, originally designed for ABC and tweaked for the newly renamed ATV was a "shadowed eye", which was inspired by the
CBS logo and reputedly designed by Lew Grade on a transatlantic flight back from the US. The logo is one of the most recognisable in broadcasting.
As a side note to ATV's television activities, the company also set up a
music publishing division. This was known as
ATV Music and existed initially to publish TV-related music, such as theme tunes, composed by its in-house composers. This company was eventually split away from the parent company and went through numerous different owners as well as buying into other established music publishers including
Northern Songs, which was
The Beatles publishing company. ATV Music eventually settled into the hands of
Michael Jackson before being merged into
Sony/ATV Music Publishing.
ATV (as ABC at first) began broadcasting in its own right on Saturday 24 September 1955 (after jointly presenting the network's opening night on Thursday 22 September). The name ATV was first seen in London on Saturday 8 October 1955. The company had won two ITV contracts, the Saturday and Sunday contract for
London and the Monday–Friday contract for the
Midlands. The latter service opened on 17 February 1956, with, ironically,
ABC providing the weekend programmes.
The new company ran into further financial difficulty due to the staggering losses of the first two years of ITV and the start-up costs. The London weekday contractor
Associated-Rediffusion shouldered some of ATV's losses and further funding was achieved by selling shares in the company, mainly to the
Daily Mirror newspaper. The company structure was changed several times until 1966, when ATV and ITC both became subsidiaries of the Associated Communications Corporation (ACC), formed by turning the old structure on its head. This marked the point where Lew Grade advanced from being the greatest influence over the company to taking actual control.
ATV's main impact on the early ITV service was (not surprisingly, given its ancestry) in the field of variety and light entertainment.
In the major contract and region changes in 1968, ATV lost the weekend franchise in London to the new
London Weekend Television, but its Midlands contract was renewed for the full seven days instead. The weekday/weekend "split-service" ended in the
North and
Midlands with the 1968 franchise round, continuing only in the
London area.
In 1969, in readiness for colour broadcasting in the UK, a large new 'state of the art' television studio was built off Broad Street, near the centre of
Birmingham. Constructed alongside a 100 metre high tower block,
Alpha Tower, it was to replace the former Alpha Studios in
Aston. The complex was named 'The Paradise Centre' and although finally closed in 1997, two of the production studios had been 'mothballed' in the early 1990s as demand for productions studios fell. Central had proposed in their franchise application of 1991 that they would build a new 'West Midlands television Centre'. This was to have comprised a 4,000 sq ft (370 m2) studio together with a second one dedicated to news and regional programming. Originally planned for construction during 1993, the final plans were amended and a smaller facility build at Central Court. Once complete Central or Carlton as they were by then moved to the new facility thus vacting the Central House (ATV Centre). The former ATV Centre is currently in the process of being demolished to be replaced by the Arena Central development. The Alpha Tower will survive as it is a
listed building.
In 1981 the
Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) decided that ATV's lack of regional programming and production (it had a major studio centre at
Elstree in
Hertfordshire, well outside its Midlands franchise) was hampering the region, so it insisted that the new applicant for the franchise be more clearly based in the region and have separate facilities for East and West Midlands.
ATV Midlands Limited, a
shell company created by ACC solely for the franchise process, applied successfully for the contract. As a condition of its award, ACC was forced to divest itself of 49% of the company, relinquish executive roles, sell its studios in
Elstree and rename the company to demonstrate that it was effectively a new business.
At 12:30am exactly, in the early hours of January 1, 1982, after many
New Year's Eve programmes on ATV, following a New Year's Day weather report, Shaw Taylor, who was with the network in the mid-1950s, talked about the incoming Central Independent Television and how he felt about the outgoing Associated TeleVision.
Following that, the digital clock of ATV was seen for the final time (despite Central keeping the clock for a few years), and ATV's final closedown started with these final words:
"The time now is 32 minutes and 53 seconds past midnight. Have a peaceful night and I hope you enjoy New Year's Day." and then the organ version of
God Save the Queen, specially recorded for ATV, was played for what would be the final time and when the song ended, the picture then faded to black. Associated TeleVision had ceased broadcasting for good after over 26 years, having started on September 22, 1955. Exactly 8 hours and 23 minutes later, Central began broadcasting.
The new company name was registered as
Central Independent Television plc and the new logo, advertised as being a
UFO, appeared on 1 January 1982. Central inherited the studios at
ATV Centre, Birmingham and
ATV Elstree along with land that ATV Midlands had purchased for their new
Nottingham studio centre. The new company also maintained control of ATV's news archive and regional programmes, plus programming already in production or being shown at the time of changeover; the rest of the ATV archive was sold on by ACC.
The new contract stipulated an immediate start for separate
East and
West Midlands facilities. Planning issues delayed construction at the Nottingham site so Central purchased an independent production studio in the city (at
Giltbrook) to act as its East Midlands newsroom. Industrial action prevented this centre from being used however, with the new studios ready by the time it was resolved.
In 1983 the Elstree centre was sold to the
BBC for an undisclosed sum. In 1984 the
East Midlands Television Centre in Lenton Lane, Nottingham was opened by the then
Prime Minister, the
Rt.Hon Margaret Thatcher, MP.
ACC later divested itself of the remainder of Central after the Australian investor
Robert Holmes à Court staged a boardroom coup and forced Lew Grade to cede control.
ACC remained in control of ITC and Stoll-Moss Theatres until ITC was sold to
Polygram International Television—coincidentally bringing Lew Grade back into control of ITC until his death in 1998. Stoll-Moss Theatres, the last remaining part of ACC, was sold to the
Really Useful Group in 2001.
Carlton Communications had spent much of the 1980s and 1990s buying up the intellectual property of the former ACC, including the rights to the ATV logo and company name, the ATV news archive (via its purchase of Central) and finally both the ATV and ITC archives, before itself being swallowed-up by
Granada.
Recent changes have seen
Granada Ventures take over Carlton, and all of ATV's national archive programming has been taken into their ownership. The regional news archive from ATV and Central, plus some regional programmes, are now stored at the Media Archive for Central England in Nottingham. This archive is located at Nottingham University, which by coincidence now own the former Central Studios in the City where the archive is kept.
ATV Network Limited was 'dissolved' as a company in 1992; however, just like
Rediffusion, it made a strange comeback many years later. Just as Victor Lewis-Smith bought the rights and logo to Rediffusion many years ago, so too in 2006 "ATV Network Limited" was revived as a company brand independent of Granada and its previous archive.
The "new" ATV are based in theatre production (Protos Theatre and Arts Group) and have no involvement with television. The company is only in operation for copyright and legal reasons concerning the theatre group.
The original ATV logos and branding remain registered trademarks of a minor subsidiary of ITV plc.
Company names:
- Associated Broadcasting Company Limited (1954–1955)
- Associated TeleVision Limited (1955–1964)
- Associated TeleVision Corporation (1964–1966)
- Associated Communications Corporation (1966–1982)—parent company
- ATV Network Limited (1966–1982)
- ATV Midlands Limited (1981) - This is the company that was renamed to Central Independent Television from 1 January 1982, and still exists as the licence holder for the ITV Midlands region.
On-air names:
- Associated Broadcasting Company (22 September 1955–October 1955)
- Associated TeleVision (1955–1966)
- ATV London (1964–1968)
- ATV Midlands (1964–1969 but referred to in continuity until 1982)
- ATV Network (1966–1982) (always branded on-air as simply 'ATV')
Initials used:
The majority of
ITC programmes were first broadcast on ATV and distributed in the UK by them. Similarly, ATV's productions were distributed by ITC outside of the UK, with most ATV idents replaced with those for ITC.
Source: Wiki
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