Re: Brad Sundberg seminars: Making Music With Michael Jackson
Yay Seattle! I'm in Vancouver, so I can hop a bus down and check this out finally
Seattle looks in doubt...
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Do you know what all of those knobs do?"
First, a news update.
We are fully on track with sales for the multi-day event in Germany. Thank you to all of the early ticket buyers! You can relax - we are OK with space for now on all days. You will be contacted shortly to start getting your preferred schedule. (If you have no idea what I am talking about, please read the post below, as it will take too long to start from the beginning). For the rest of you, tickets are still on sale and I would highly suggest you claim your seat(s) sooner than later.
I had a good talk with Brad Buxer today, and we are very excited about the program being assembled.
Now I must take a slightly more serious tone just for a moment. Seattle tickets are not coming close to the minimum required to cover costs, and I must make a decision over the next several days. If for some reason you have been holding back on purchasing your ticket to the Seattle seminar in April, I would highly encourage you to do so. If you know of an MJ fan, a music fan, a person looking to spend a very unique day in a studio in the Seattle area, please encourage them to come to my seminar. I am very excited bring my seminar to the Pacific Northwest - I hope we can stay the course.
Not to confuse matters, but Toronto (May) and Spain (July) are in the final steps of planning, and tickets will go on sale for those locations shortly.
A few months ago I wrote a series of articles on microphones, pop-filters, analog vs. digital, etc. I thought I would revisit studio technology tonight, and take my mind off seminar marketing and preparations for a little while. So let's talk about consoles.
As always, take this as opinion - don't take it too seriously. I don't want to engage anyone in a long debate about Neve vs. SSL vs. API, nor do I intend to get too technical. That said, let me try to give you a brief introduction to professional recording consoles.
"What do all those knobs do????" Any sound engineer - from a small church to a giant studio - has heard that question. Why are there so many knobs? Well, let's break it down for you just a bit.
See in the photo how the knobs, switches and faders match the ones on either side? This vertical strips are called "channels". A console size is described by the number of channels: 16, 24, 48, 60, 72, etc. Each channel on a console is exactly the same, although some can sound slightly different due to age, corrosion, etc., but that's for another article.
Now, picture a "typical" rock band: Drums, Guitars, Bass, Keyboards, lead vocal and background vocals. You with me so far? That seems like six sources, so I guess we just need six channels, right? Wrong. The drums are individually mic'd in a studio, so the console might need inputs (channels) for: Kick, snare, high-hat, tom 1, tom 2, tom 3, tom 4, overhead left, overhead right, room left, room right. Suddenly the drums alone need 11 inputs (channels) on the console. Now the engineer says, "I like two mics on the top of the snare, and one under it. Oh, and double-mic the kick - one inside and one out." OK, now we're up to 14 channels on the console.
Keep in mind, each microphone is carefully chosen by the engineer, and placed very specifically - aimed at each drum head, but fully out of the way of the drummer's "mic-destroying" drum sticks. It's a very delicate balance.
Time for the guitars. Let's put two different mics on the amp up close, two in the room far away, and grab a direct feed from his guitar for a clean signal to mix in later. Hmmm.... suddenly one guitar is taking up five channels on the console. And this continues on and on, until the band is fully mic'd, and the now we can start recording, right? Well, not yet. Now we need to get "sounds".
For the scope of an article, I don't have time to go into much detail on each knob of a console, but the quick version is something like this. (We will use the snare mic as an example).
The drummer sits at his drum kit and the engineer says into his talkback mic (we always have a microphone in the control room to communicate with the band, who are listening on headphones), "Go ahead and hit your snare." The drummer will start hitting his snare drum, as he has done many times before in sessions, usually about one second apart. This gives the engineer time to focus on the snare sound. First, the engineer will set the microphone pre-amp (usually at the top of the channel strip) to a clear, loud level, without distorting the sound. Then he (or she) will engage the EQ on the snare channel, and start tuning in various frequencies (think bass and treble on your home stereo, but way more surgical). He might want to increase the "crack" of the snare sound, or add warmth to the sound if he wants less of an aggressive snare sound. He might also insert a compressor or limiter into the channel, which keeps the sound of the recorded snare at a more consistent level.
Then, he will need to send the snare to the appropriate "track" for recording. (This is called bussing). Then, he needs to send the snare sound back to the drummer's headphones, so the drummer can hear the snare. All the while the poor drummer is still whacking on his snare drum. Tired yet? Oh, we have a lot more channels to set up. Next the kick, then the hat, then the toms, one by one by one.
As the engineer is getting sounds for each individual instrument, the console is starting to fill up - generally left to right - except in Australia where they do everything backwards.
This process is done for every tracking (recording) session. Now, if an engineer works in the same room with the same mics and the same drummer and the same drums, it will tend to go much faster over time, but it's not quite that easy. Humidity, too much coffee, not enough coffee, power surges, older electronics, etc., can make the sounds slightly different day to day, so you must always trust your ears over your eyes in a studio.
I have seen some engineers get drum sounds in 15 minutes, while others might take 4-5 hours. Bruce Swedien and I had worked together so many times with some of the best drummers on the planet, we could usually have them fully mic'd and have sounds ready in about 45 minutes, give or take a few.
Whew... lots of work, right? So that brings us to variations in consoles. Long before the drummer was booked - long before the session was booked - the producer and engineer talked and chose a studio. They chose that studio based on budget, good restaurants nearby, microphone selection, past experience, and the console. "Back in the day" (I hate that phrase), we were limited to analog consoles. Now there are analog and digital, but for this discussion we'll stay with analog (generally preferred for recording when the budget allows).
Painting with a VERY broad brush, the big boys in analog consoles are/were: Neve, SSL, API, Trident and Harrison. (There are many others, but those are the more well-known). Neve is sort of the grande-old-man of the industry, with warm, beautiful sounding boards dating back to 1961. Neve and Trident came from England, while API and Harrison were American made. The Trident "sound" was also warm and "British", what API and Harrison had their own unique sound. ("Thriller" and "Bad" were recorded and mixed on Harrisons).
That brings us to SSL. Founded in 1969 in the UK, SSL brought a different sound to the industry. It could be said that SSL is tailored a bit more for broadcasting, however countless studios are built around amazing SSL consoles. I can almost hear when a record was recorded and mixed on SSL, for example Duran Duran"s "Skin Trade", which is amazing, yet hard, edgy and heavily compressed in it's sound. That, to me, is the SSL sound. Most of HIStory was also recorded and mixed on SSL. Listen to the intentional difference in the soundscape of "Lady In My Life" and "Money". Both great sounding songs, but they sound very different. Cool, right?
So the next time you see someone mixing at a church or a concert or festival, instead of asking, "Do you know what all those knobs do?", maybe throw them a compliment ("nice mix, the vocals were spot on"), then ask about the compression ratio they use for their lead vocal sound. I can assure you they will be far more interested in talking with you.
Have a great week, and if you know someone in Seattle, give them a nudge.
Keep The Faith!
Brad
http://inthestudiowithmj.com/events