from Wikipedia:
Etymology
The term
hamburger originally derives from
Hamburg,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">
[2]</sup>
Germany's second largest city, from where many emigrated to America. In
high German, "Burg" means fortified settlement or fortified refuge; and is a widespread component of placenames.
Hamburger can be a descriptive noun in
German, referring to someone from Hamburg (compare
London -> Londoner) or an adjective describing something from Hamburg. Similarly,
frankfurter and
wiener, names for other meat-based foods, are also used in German as descriptive nouns for people and as adjectives for things from the cities of
Frankfurt and
Wien (Vienna), respectively. The term "burger" is associated with many different types of sandwiches similar to a hamburger.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">
[3]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" title="The text in the vicinity of this tag needs clarification or removal of jargon from January 2011" style="white-space: nowrap;">[
clarification needed]</sup>
18th and 19th centuries
Hamburg steak
In the late 18th century, the largest ports in Europe were in Germany. Sailors who had visited the ports of Hamburg, Germany and New York, brought this food and term "Hamburg steak" into popular usage. To attract German sailors, eating stands along the New York city harbor offered "steak cooked in the Hamburg style". In 1802, the
Oxford English Dictionary defined Hamburg steak as salt beef. It had little resemblance to the hamburger we know today.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" title="The text in the vicinity of this tag needs clarification or removal of jargon from May 2010" style="white-space: nowrap;">[
clarification needed]</sup> It was a hard slab of salted minced beef, often slightly smoked, mixed with onions and breadcrumbs. The emphasis was more on durability than taste.
Immigrants to the United States from German-speaking countries brought with them some of their favorite foods. One of them was Hamburg Steak. The Germans simply flavored shredded low-grade beef with regional spices, and both cooked and raw it became a standard meal among the poorer classes. In the seaport town of Hamburg, it acquired the name Hamburg steak. Today, this hamburger patty is no longer called Hamburg Steak in Germany but rather "Frikadelle", "Frikandelle" or "Bulette", originally Italian and French words.<sup class="Template-Fact" title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from May 2010" style="white-space: nowrap;">[
citation needed]</sup>
American hamburgers
Main article:
History of the hamburger in the United States
As mentioned, the Glasse cookbook was popular in America but the
Texas historian
Frank X. Tolbert attributes the American version to Fletcher Davis of
Athens, Texas. Davis is believed to have sold hamburgers at his
café at 115 Tyler Street in
Athens, Texas in the late 1880s, then brought them to the
1904 St. Louis World's Fair.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference">
[7]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference">
[8]</sup> An article about
Louis' Lunch in
The New York Times on January 12, 1974, stated that the
McDonald's hamburger chain claims the inventor was an unknown food vendor at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair. Tolbert's research documented that this vendor was in fact Fletcher Davis.
Dairy Queen spokesman
Bob Phillips made a similar claim for Dairy Queen in a commercial filmed in Athens in the 1980s calling the town the birthplace of the hamburger.
Residents of
Hamburg, New York, which was named after
Hamburg,
Germany, attribute the hamburger to
Ohioans Frank and Charles Menches. According to legend, the Menches brothers were vendors at the 1885
Erie County Fair (then called the Buffalo Fair) when they ran out of
sausage for sandwiches and used beef instead. They named the result after the location of the fair.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference">
[9]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference">
[10]</sup> But, Frank Menches's obituary in
The New York Times states instead that these events took place at the 1892 Summit County Fair in
Akron, Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference">
[11]</sup>